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1. In 1864, Chechens, after a long and bloody struggle for freedom, surrendered to Tsarist Russia.
2. In 1877, Chechens rose up in arms against Russia but were subdued.
3. In 1901, about 700 families migrated from Chechenya to Turkey. Of this group, about 200 families returned to Chechenya, while 300 families settled in Turkey and 200 families settled in Jordan.
4. After WWI, the political and nationalist activists of the Republic of the North Caucasus Federation moved to Poland to escape Communist oppression. Upon signing the agreement, by Hitler and Stalin, to divide Poland between Nazi Germany and Russia these activists moved to France where their descendents live today.
5. After WWII, Chechen members of the Red Army who were prisoners of war in Nazi Germany refused to return to Chechenya since the Chechen nation had already been exiled in 1944 to Siberia by Stalin. These Chechens settled in Germany, Turkey and the U.S.A.
6. On May 11, 1918, the North Caucasus nations declared the formation of the Republic of the North Caucasus Federation. This republic was recognized by Germany, Ottman Turkey, Austria, and Bulgaria in addition to Bolshevik Russia.
7. In 1922, in a reversal of its recognition, Bolshevik Russia invaded and occupied the Republic of the North Caucasus Federation.
8. Chechens rebelled against Russia in 1929 and again in 1940. Both times they were subdued in a bloody manner by the communist regime.
9. On Feb 23, 1944, the whole Chechen nation was exiled to Siberia by orders from Stalin.
10. After thirteen years of exile, the remaining Chechens were allowed to return to their ancestral homeland by Krutchev in 1957.
11. Through the 70's Soviet Russia treated Grozny (capital of Chechenya) as enemy territory, where night time curfews were imposed routinely.
12. On Nov 23 - 25 1990, a national Chechen conference convened in Grozny. The conference included delegates representing all ethnic groups of Chechenya, including Russians and Cossacks.
13. On Nov 25, 1990, the delegates to the conference declared the independence and sovereignty of Chechenya and its cessation from the former Soviet Union.
14. On Nov 27, 1990, the declaration of independence and sovereignty was unanimously ratified by the Soviet Parliament of the Chechen-Ingush Republic.
15. On Oct 27, 1991, in fulfillment of constitutional requirements, a national Chechen referendum was held. The Chechen nation approved the declaration of independence and elected Gen. Dzhokar Dudayev as the first elected president of the independent Chechen Republic by a margin of 84% from among 3 contendors for presidency.
16. The former Soviet Union was dissolved at midnight Dec 31, 1992.
17. The former Russian Soviet Socialist Republic was dissolved and replaced by the Republic of the Russian Federation upon signing the federation treaty on Mar 13, 1992.
18. By the free will of the Chechen nation, Chechenya did not sign the treaty or join the federation.
19. INVASION, Early Winter 1994.
